See riusza on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "pl:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "riuszka"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*Hrew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrew-"
],
[
"*h₃rewk-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃rewk-"
],
[
"*rukskos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rukskos"
],
[
"*rūskos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rūskos"
],
[
"rūsca",
"rusca#Gaulish"
],
[
"rusca",
"rusca#Latin"
],
[
"rusche",
"rusche#Old_French"
],
[
"rusche",
"rusche#Middle_French"
],
[
"ruche",
"ruche#French"
],
[
"ruche",
"ruche#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:ruche",
"id": "ruche",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hrew-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃rewk-\nProto-Celtic *rukskos\nProto-Celtic *rūskos\nGaulish rūscabor.\nEarly Medieval Latin rusca\nOld French rusche\nMiddle French rusche\nFrench ruchebor.\nPolish riusza\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bark\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bark\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to dig up\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to tear out, dig out\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hrew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃rewk-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*rukskos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*rūskos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gaulish\", \"term\" : \"rūsca\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-gau\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Early Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"rusca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-eme\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"rusche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"rusche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"ruche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"riusza\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"ruche\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"riusza\" id=\"Polish:_ruche\">\nBorrowed from French ruche.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hrew-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃rewk-\nProto-Celtic *rukskos\nProto-Celtic *rūskos\nGaulish rūscabor.\nEarly Medieval Latin rusca\nOld French rusche\nMiddle French rusche\nFrench ruchebor.\nPolish riusza\nBorrowed from French ruche.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "riusza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riusze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riusz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riusze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "riusze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "riusza f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"riu‧sza"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"riu‧sza"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Textiles",
"orig": "pl:Textiles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruche (strip of fabric which has been fluted or pleated)"
],
"id": "en-riusza-pl-noun-JE8M~BgE",
"links": [
[
"textiles",
"textiles"
],
[
"ruche",
"ruche"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(textiles) ruche (strip of fabric which has been fluted or pleated)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "riuszka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruche (small ruff of fluted or pleated fabric worn at neck or wrist)"
],
"id": "en-riusza-pl-noun-uVHFIF~O",
"links": [
[
"ruche",
"ruche"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "riuszka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrju.ʂa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʂa"
}
],
"word": "riusza"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from French",
"Polish terms derived from Early Medieval Latin",
"Polish terms derived from French",
"Polish terms derived from Gaulish",
"Polish terms derived from Middle French",
"Polish terms derived from Old French",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrew-",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃rewk-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/uʂa",
"Rhymes:Polish/uʂa/2 syllables",
"pl:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "riuszka"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*Hrew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrew-"
],
[
"*h₃rewk-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃rewk-"
],
[
"*rukskos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rukskos"
],
[
"*rūskos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/rūskos"
],
[
"rūsca",
"rusca#Gaulish"
],
[
"rusca",
"rusca#Latin"
],
[
"rusche",
"rusche#Old_French"
],
[
"rusche",
"rusche#Middle_French"
],
[
"ruche",
"ruche#French"
],
[
"ruche",
"ruche#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:ruche",
"id": "ruche",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hrew-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃rewk-\nProto-Celtic *rukskos\nProto-Celtic *rūskos\nGaulish rūscabor.\nEarly Medieval Latin rusca\nOld French rusche\nMiddle French rusche\nFrench ruchebor.\nPolish riusza\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bark\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bark\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to dig up\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to tear out, dig out\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hrew-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₃rewk-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*rukskos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*rūskos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gaulish\", \"term\" : \"rūsca\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"cel-gau\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Early Medieval Latin\", \"term\" : \"rusca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-eme\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"rusche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"rusche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"ruche\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"riusza\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"ruche\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"riusza\" id=\"Polish:_ruche\">\nBorrowed from French ruche.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hrew-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₃rewk-\nProto-Celtic *rukskos\nProto-Celtic *rūskos\nGaulish rūscabor.\nEarly Medieval Latin rusca\nOld French rusche\nMiddle French rusche\nFrench ruchebor.\nPolish riusza\nBorrowed from French ruche.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "riusza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riusze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riusz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riusze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "riuszo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "riusze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "riusza f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"riu‧sza"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"riu‧sza"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Textiles"
],
"glosses": [
"ruche (strip of fabric which has been fluted or pleated)"
],
"links": [
[
"textiles",
"textiles"
],
[
"ruche",
"ruche"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(textiles) ruche (strip of fabric which has been fluted or pleated)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "riuszka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruche (small ruff of fluted or pleated fabric worn at neck or wrist)"
],
"links": [
[
"ruche",
"ruche"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "riuszka"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrju.ʂa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʂa"
}
],
"word": "riusza"
}
Download raw JSONL data for riusza meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.